by Perlea, Victor ¹, Mayer, Gwendolyn ¹

• ¹ Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg

The introduction and overview can be found here

Disclaimer:We have compiled this information to the best of our knowledge based on current scientific literature (as of May 2026). However, we do not provide diagnosis or treatment recommendations. If you notice any mental health concerns in yourself or in a child or adolescent in your care, please consult a medical doctor.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is defined as a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity–impulsivity, with several symptoms present before age 12 and in at least two settings (home, school, peers): Eom & Kim (2024): https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01466

The DSM-5 distinguishes between three types of ADHD (Warren & Arayamparambil, 2023):

• Predominantly inattentive
  
• Predominantly impulsive or hyperactive
  
• Combination of the above

ADHD affects attention, self-control, and activity levels. Common symptoms include difficulty concentrating, impulsive behavior, forgetfulness, and hyperactivity. Treatment usually combines education, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), family support, school accommodations, and sometimes antidepressive medication.